Determinação da vulnerabilidade à degradação dos solos da bacia do Rio Preto - BA

Abstract

Environmental degradation is directly linked to the use and occupation of the soil, and gradual exploitation of environmental resources, since the forms of occupation and management are directly related to the type and degree of impact, which affects the environment distinctly. Therefore, it is estimated that there are correlations associated with the undue use of available resources in newly explored areas, such as the Cerrado, specifically the West region of Bahia since the 1970s. Therefore, understanding the behavior of environmental factors in areas under intense Monoculture exploitation must be fostered, as this makes it possible to recognize the potential use and vulnerability of these areas. In this sense, this research aims to correlate the levels of environmental vulnerability to soil degradation processes resulting from the activities developed in the Rio Preto Basin, Bahia. For the classification and spatialization of vulnerability levels in the basin, the study was based on the Crepani methodology, which consists of presenting a range of values obtained from an equation with data obtained on the behavior of environmental variables: geology, vegetation, soil, Relief and climate. From this, Krigagem interpolation was performed to verify the behavior of the data in the space. In view of the approach, the study identified, according to the evaluation and classification of the factors influencing the vulnerability of soils and the calculation of their size, in which the vegetation attribute was shown to be of greater relevance as to the degree of vulnerability. A study of the spatial distribution of vulnerability levels of the Rio Preto Basin showed a predominance of 75% of the total area of the basin, of the vulnerability degree of 2.0, due to the component elements of this environment, with predominant influence of the phytophysiological typology Of the basin. The method of Crepani 2001, were efficient to determine the degree of vulnerability to the degradation of the soils of the Rio Preto basin. The analysis of the environmental vulnerability allowed to verify that the basin of the river Black-Bahia, is, for the most part, in situation Moderately / stable-vulnerable. This is a worrying factor, mainly due to the development of pasture areas and mechanized agriculture for decades inserted in places of greater environmental vulnerability, especially in the ecotonal zone of greater susceptibility to soil erosion, which represent a predominance in 75% of the area Of th.