Programa de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano: evolução e atuação na bacia dos rios Canindé/Piauí

Abstract

Socio-environmental vulnerabilities reflect the living conditions of the populations. The public policies of the most diverse sectors, when well implemented and articulated, can contribute to the reduction of vulnerabilities. VIGIAGUA is part of the system of Environmental Health Surveillance in the country, the program aims to ensure that the population accesses safe water, thus contributing to the reduction of vulnerabilities related to public water supply. However, the implementation of its actions has not been occurring in a homogeneous way. The objectives of this work were to identify municipalities that record water sources for the population supply; quantify and typify the water sources used in the municipalities of the Canindé / Piauí river basin; to know the quality of the water supplied from the percentage of non-compliance in samples of chlorine, turbidity, total coliforms and presence of Escherichia coli; to point out the region's vulnerability to VIGIAGUA in the region, so that, in the end, it was possible to evaluate the evolution of the performance of the Water Quality Monitoring Program for Human Consumption in the Canindé / Piauí river basin, in the southeast region of the Piauí. This research has as a descriptive and explanatory method, using data from the VIGIAGUA database system, with a temporal cut of the last 4 years (2014-2017) and regional time in the Canindé / Piauí river basin. - PI. The evolution of the program was evaluated in this spatial and temporal cut, also verifying the implementation of VIGIAGUA. For the creation of a map of vulnerable areas according to the data available, the percentage of SAA and SAC registered in the system, the percentage of turbidity samples, total coliforms and presence of Escherichia coli outside the normal standards was analyzed. All data were tabulated and classified with the use and programs such as QGis and Excel, and from these, maps of vulnerable areas were elaborated against the program's performance. It was observed that all the municipalities evaluated in the region are not in compliance with the implementation of the Sampling Plan of each municipality, besides presenting contaminated water. Because it is an area where water scarcity is a reality, it is understood that the performance of VIGIAGUA in this region is extremely important. However, the data show that although the program performs its activities in the municipalities studied, these are still not enough to comply with the right quality water and in enough quantity for their needs of each human being.