Potencial do líquido do Anacardium Occidentale L. no controle de pulgão-preto (Aphis craccivora Koch)

Abstract

Pest control in agriculture, in general, is done with pesticides that can be harmful to both the environment and humans. To mitigate these effects, organic agriculture and integrated pest management have been gaining prominence among rural workers. The substitution of pesticides by natural products has been widely studied and researched to control diseases and plagues. Vegetable oils and plant extracts are examples of these products. Thus, the objective of this work was to test the insecticidal effect of cashew nut liquid (CNSL) on the black aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) in cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), checking whether it can be an alternative in controlling this pest. The experiment took place in an experimental area in a rural property, located in the municipality of Pedro II- Piauí and in the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí- Pedro II Campus. The experimental units were cowpea seedlings, grown in plastic pots, forming six treatments: T1-witness (distilled water), T2- Cashew Nut Liquid at 1%, T3- Cashew Nut Liquid at 2%, T4- Cashew Nut Liquid at 3% and distilled water, T5- Cashew Nut Liquid at 4%, T6- Cashew Nut Liquid at 5%, all treatments were diluted in distilled water and each sample received a total of two repetitions. The infestation, with the aphids, was performed 15 days after planting the string bean seeds and the application of the liquid occurred after two days of infestation. After 48 hours after the spraying, the evaluation was done by counting the number of live aphids after the treatments. From the analyses, it was found that all treatments with the cashew nut-based liquid on black aphid on cowpea seedlings were effective, with a significant difference when compared to the control using only distilled water. The treatments with concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% were those that showed greater lethal effect, eliminating 100% of the aphids, without distinction of instars, the treatment with concentration of 1% even presenting a lower mortality rate when compared to the others showed a relevant result, Thus, the Cashew Nut Liquid-CCC in all its concentrations showed efficiency in the control of black aphid on cowpea bean, demonstrating its high level of lethality and efficiency in controlling the black aphid on cowpea bean.