Compreendendo a gravitação universal: uma abordagem histórica e conceitual dos seus princípios fundamentais

Abstract

Universal gravitation is presented in a more simplified way with an approach and written for high school students with a more objective understanding, using the theory of diverse students, which are directly related and imply for the construction of the Theory of Gravitation, using a language and a method for high school students, so this work will not include Albert Einstein's theory, due to its very complex method; describe the evolution of human knowledge about universal gravitation; This work was a narrative literary review, using as a research site the journals taken from the SciELO, LILACS, CAPS and Google academic databases. As inclusion, complete articles in Portuguese or available translation were used, as exclusion criteria: works that presented anachronistic opinions about the scientists, incomplete articles and works on Albert Einstein's theory of relativity; The following chronological order of scientists was identified: Aristotle (Aristotelian Physics), Claudius Ptolemy (Geocentrism), Nicolaus Copernicus (Heliocentrism), Galileo Galilei (Law of falling bodies), Johannes Kepler (Proved elliptical motion around the sun) and Isaac Newton (The speed of a falling glass is proportional to the square of the distance); The objective of this work was successfully achieved, identifying the main scientists related to universal gravitation, reporting their works and detailing their experiences, each one of them chronologically and mainly keeping a simple approach.