Os mecanismos de reparo do DNA face à mutação proposta por fatores endógenos e exógenos: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

DNA-specific lesions can induce mutations that cause cancer. Faced with this picture, the cells have developed a network of mechanisms to remove different types of damage that the DNA will suffer, whether caused by external agents or even by intermediates of the cellular metabolism itself. Regardless of the type of injury and the mechanism available to remove it, the cells initiate a highly coordinated cascade process - collectively known as DNA Damage Response (DDR), which recognizes DNA damage, signals its presence and mediates its repair. Objective. This work aims to analyze how DNA repair systems occur in the face of endogenous and exogenous factors. Methodology. It is an integrative review of literature, based on LILACS, SCIELO, ACADEMIC GOOGLE and PUBMED, where the descriptors used were: repair mechanisms, mutations in DNA, mutation and cancer, with publication between 2013 to 2018. Result. Since DNA is exposed daily to endogenous and exogenous factors, mainly by ultraviolet radiation, the relevance of repair mechanisms is clear when there is any interference in the DNA chain. Among the mechanisms studied, there is a greater attention to nucleotide excision repair because it is considered the most versatile and flexible, repairing a large number of lesions. Conclusion. Accurate repair of damage done to DNA is of utmost importance for the integrity of the genome. If these lesions are not repaired, these mutations may cause severe genotoxic effects and induce cell death, or even result in the incorporation of changes in the genome to be transmitted to future generations. In addition, they can generate genomic instability and induce the onset of cancer.