A evolução da detecção automatizada de anomalias em exames de imagem por meio da inteligência artificial: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

This research, guided by the question: "How has the evolution of artificial intelligence algorithms impacted the early and accurate detection of anomalies in imaging exams?", investigated the use of AI in radiology and its implications. The aim of this research is to review the literature on the applications of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology, addressing its historical use in healthcare, its specific applicability in Radiology, and discussing the ethical issues involved. Using a literature review based on articles and dissertations from databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Google Scholar, published between 2018 and 2024, descriptors such as artificial intelligence, radiology, automated diagnosis, machine learning, AI applications in Radiology, and automated detection were analyzed. The research revealed that AI has increased the accuracy and efficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions, highlighting its potential to improve health and well-being. However, it emphasized the need for continuous specialization of radiologists in the use of these emerging technologies. Furthermore, AI should evolve in radiology to complement and assist the skills of healthcare professionals, without replacing them, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing professionals' time, and personalizing treatments. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; radiology; automated diagnosis