Introdução ao ensino de óptica através da experiência com câmera escura: uma abordagem significativa para alunos do ensino médio

Abstract

This research addressed the teaching of optics in high school through experimental practice with pinhole cameras and other optical instruments. The relevance of this study lies in the need for pedagogical methods that make the learning of complex physics concepts more accessible and engaging for students. Through practical activities, we aimed to explore how light interacts with different media and the fundamental principles governing the operation of various optical devices such as cameras, telescopes, monoculars, and binoculars. We used an experimental approach involving the selection of high school students, preparation of specific teaching materials, application of questionnaires, and conducting discussion and observation sessions. The collected data were analyzed to measure the impact of practical activities on students' learning. The main results indicate that the adopted methodology had a significant positive impact on students' understanding of optics principles. Students showed improved comprehension of concepts after participating in practical activities, as reflected in an increase in correct answers on questionnaires administered before and after the experiment. These findings suggest that integrating experimental practices can be an effective strategy for teaching abstract physics concepts. In light of this, we highlight that the use of experimental activities can significantly enhance students' understanding of complex concepts, as well as increase their interest and engagement in the subject. The results obtained point to the need for further research on the topic, especially concerning the application of these methods in other areas of physics and in different educational contexts.