Revisão teórica da radioatividade em água potável:pricipios isótopos radioativos encontrados, seus efeitos á saúde hunmana e métodos de redução

Abstract

Waters destined for human consumption have natural ionizing radiation such as cosmic rays and products of the decomposition of radioactive elements in the crust and in the Earth's atmosphere that are harmful to human health, requiring attention in the prevention and control of their possible effects even waters presenting low concentrations. Thus, the development of this work consists of carrying out a bibliographic review based on the radioactivity of drinking water, the main radioactive isotopes found, as consequences of ingestion on human health and methods of reducing. To prepare this study, a bibliographical survey was carried out on scientific articles available on websites of virtual databases (SciELO; PUBMED; Science Direct and Google Scholar). The development of this work constitutes a bibliographic review on the radioactivity of drinking water, the main radioactive isotopes found, two studies were developed that analyze the consequences of consumption for the organism and what are the means to avoid risks related to the presence of these radioisotopes in water. The results allowed us to conclude that the radioactivity of drinking water and the radioisotopes found are low, but that one of the long-term effects resulting from the exposure of doses above 100 mSv is the occurrence of somatic or genetic diseases, In addition, the means of controlling and monitoring the activities of radioactive isotopes is based on reference concentration parameters using water treatment techniques.