Demonstração do teorema de pitágoras utilizando a decomposição de perigal: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

The Pythagorean Theorem has been established as one of the foundations of Geometry, whose historical trajectory revealed contributions from different civilizations and multiple forms of demonstration. The historiographical discussion showed that Greek systematization represented a formal stage of knowledge that was already present in earlier contexts. The general objective of this study was to analyze the scientific literature in order to elucidate the geometric demonstration of the Pythagorean Theorem using the Perigal method. The methodology adopted was a literature review with a qualitative approach, conducted from 2022 to 2026, with searches in the LILACS, CAPES Periodicals, and SciELO databases, considering inclusion criteria related to consistent theoretical foundations and the established time frame. The results indicated that Perigal's dissection was presented as a visual demonstration based on the equicomposition of areas, in which the rearrangement of congruent parts demonstrated the equality between the squares of the legs and the square of the hypotenuse. The studies analyzed also indicated that the use of digital technologies, such as GeoGebra, enhanced conceptual understanding and strengthened geometric reasoning in Mathematics education. The conclusion highlighted that the integration of the history of Mathematics, geometric demonstrations, and technological resources contributed to theoretical development and the improvement of pedagogical practice, establishing Perigal's dissection as a meaningful strategy for teaching Geometry.