Estudo do acionamento de bombas centrífugas por meio de inversores de frequência e chave compensadora e análise técnica e econômica em uma estação de bombeamento de água de Caxias-MA

Abstract

The present work presents a technical-economical analysis of the activation of centrifugal pumps using frequency inverters and compensating key in a water treatment station of Caxias city state of Maranhão. The main goal of this work is to perform an analysis about the changes made in the water pumping system during the study period, making possible the application of the obtained results, with the objective of improve and optimize the drive processes employed in the ETA. Drinking water is distributed to the population through pumping performed by motor-pump assemblies, but one of the major concerns of sanitation companies is the consumption of electric energy used to operate this equipment. In this way, it is essential that the operations performed in the water supply systems must to be optimized, providing a reduction in energy consumption, without affecting the supply. The implementation of frequency inverters for the activation of centrifugal pumps can lead to a significant reduction of the energy consumption. However, several precautions should be taken to ensure that the frequency change, which directly influences the rotation of the motor shaft, does not cause damage related to the characteristics of the pump, which are essential to maintain a satisfactory supply to the consumers. In this work, the gains or losses resulting from the modifications made to the water pumping system of the Ponte Caxias ETA will be estimated by analyzing the maintenance documents, electrical parameters of the system, electric consumption and the evaluation of the changes occurring in the characteristic of the pump. Through the study it is concluded that the best configuration for the system refers to the use of two frequency inverters for the distribution system, since it was the modification that provided the best relation between energy consumption and adequate water supply to the taxpayers.