Efeito dos fatores climáticos na contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e na contagem de bactérias totais (CBT)

Abstract

Brazil is one of the main milk producers in the world, occupying 5th place in the world ranking, with the Southeast and South regions as the main milk producers in the country. The country has a prominent position in the international dairy scene, with potential for advancement, both for the foreign and domestic markets, since Brazil is a major consumer of dairy products, in which national production is unable to meet domestic demand, making the country a large importing of milk and its derivatives, which can generate a deficit in the economic balance. The investment in the quality of sanitary milk, regardless of the production systems used, is a way of valuing national exports, reducing mastitis, consequently, reducing the count of somatic cells and total bacterial count, yield of properties, longer shelf life. Climatic factors have an influence on the health quality of milk, because the variables temperature, precipitation and humidity favor ideal conditions for the survival of the microorganisms that cause mastitis, these variables also hamper milking hygiene, causing high rainfall levels to promote accumulation of water, sludge, causing animals to reach the milking parlor with udders and dirty ceilings. The purpose of this literature review is to demonstrate the effects of the seasons on somatic cell count and total bacterial count. The quality of the milk as a whole is guided by normative instructions that guide producers, technicians and researchers through standards to which the parameters must be framed, in order to avoid problems such as mastitis, CCS and CBT. Mastitis is the infection in the mammary gland, caused by microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus that occur in the environment and due to failures during milking, causing several losses to the producer and the industries, having a direct relationship with the somatic cell count and counting total bacterial quality, which are parameters of the sanitary quality of milk that indicate the health of the udder and the hygiene of the milking place, in which dirt on the ceilings, in the milking parlor, in the milking equipment and utensils, favors compromising the sanitary quality of the milk . This study concluded that climatic factors are potentiated in the failures of the hygienic management of the property, making it necessary to adopt good milking practices to mitigate the action of the climate on the CCS and CBT.