Impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos provocados por córrego a céu aberto na zona sudeste de Teresina, PI: uma análise do planejamento urbano vis à vis ao ODS 11 da ONU

Abstract

With the growth process of cities, it became noticeable, especially in Brazil, the negative results of urbanization, marked by disorderly occupations, affecting degraded areas and uneven quality of life for a significant portion of the population. From this perspective, it is emphasized that urban planning is essential to adapt revitalization projects that can generate positive impacts for the local population, in addition to long-term gains, whether economic, social and/or environmental. Thus, the guiding question of this research intends to know what are the social, environmental and economic problems identified and perceived by the community in the Manoel Evangelista neighborhood, located in the southeast of Teresina, derived from the expansion of an open-air stream? The general objective is to analyze the negative externalities in the social, economic and environmental scope resulting from the presence of that open-air stream. And specifically it is intended to: 1) identify the social, environmental and economic impacts arising from the stream on local residents; 2) describe Teresina's municipal urban planning for the problems arising from open-air streams; 3) characterize the participation of local residents in decisionmaking of municipal public policies for urban planning for the Manoel Evangelista neighborhood; and 4) evaluate the possibilities of revitalization of the investigated area based on the demands and needs of the residents and on the recommendations of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (UN). This qualiquantitative study is based on bibliographic, documentary and field information, the latter being defined by non-probabilistic sampling in which 50 residents of the Manoel Evangelista neighborhood were interviewed in order to understand the social, environmental and economic impacts derived from the stream problem. The survey results showed that 80% of the local residents were dissatisfied with the expansion of the open-air stream, as it lacked adequate infrastructure for the transport of effluents, serving as a disposal space for solid and unserviceable organic waste that contaminate the soil. , negatively impacting the environment. Furthermore, the stream has potentialized the proliferation of diseases and their respective vectors, threatening the public safety of residents and putting housing well-being at risk, which has had an impact on the financial devaluation of real estate. This situation awakened in residents the understanding of the need for effective actions to change the situation presented, in which citizen participation in urban planning projects and programs promotes a sustainable revitalization of the stream, transforming it into a public space that responds to emerging demands and value the expectations of the local population.