A dinâmica socioespacial do bairro cidade nova em Campo Maior - Piauí, como influência na degradação da lagoa do Araín

Abstract

The population dynamics and the construction of cities occur in function of the social, economic, cultural and legal profile, that end up contributing and modifying the peculiar characteristics of the cities themselves, same as the urban territorial space, that way the urban territorial space, and the urban aquatic ecosystems are changing according to the general public and landowners interest. The objective of this study was to verify the environmental degradation process in the Araín lagoon, in the Cidade Nova neighbourhood, Campo Maior-PI, through the identification of the environmental impacts caused by the anthropic action and its effects on the lagoon's water quality through the identification of intestinal parasites. The methodology consisted on a bibliographical survey and the study of socio-spatial characteristics was done by questionnaire's applications and semi-structured interviews with the lagoon's surroundings inhabitants population, being applied to 61 inhabitants representing a sample of 10% of the total number of households, in addition to that geotechnologies applied through images offered by INPE were used in the study to research the expansion of the Cidade Nova neighborhood in the last 30 years. For the evaluation of the water quality of the lagoon, physicochemical and parasitological analyzes were performed in the IFPI's laboratory. The results obtained through the physicochemical and parasitological analyzes showed that all parameters evaluated are in accordance with what is established in the current legislation. However, analyzing the reality that was addressed through the questionnaires and field verification it was evident that there is degradation and pollution on the Araín lagoon, in addition it was possible to identify and describe how the urbanization process of the Cidade Nova neighborhood occurred influencing the degradation of the Araín lagoon through the study of the images offered by INPE and photographic achievements, adding more information to the study, concluding that the profile of the city and the neighborhood is being disregarded, since the residences are built on the banks of the lagoon, which are areas of environmental protection; among the main problems is the garbage disposal and the building rubble disposal that is placed on its surroundings, which has caused grounding and degradation of its areas, in this way it is necessary city government's initiatives linked to an awareness by the population.