Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas por comunidade do cerrado piauiense e suas interrelações com o meio ambiente a partir da produção de um jardim sensorial

Abstract

The Brazilian cerrado is characterized by a variety of diverse plants with innumerable potentialities, among them, the medicinal potential, used by different populations in order to extract resources from nature to satisfy their needs. Thus, this work aims to carry out a survey of medicinal plants used by descendants of the Gueguê ethnic group, in a community in the cerrado of Piauí, as well as to present the project of a sensorial garden as an environmental education strategy. The research was carried out in the Sangue community, in the rural area of the municipality of Uruçuí-PI, focusing on descriptive research with a qualitative and quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire and free listing of species. The data obtained through the collected information were presented in the form of tables and graphs indicating, gender, schooling, origin of learning the use of medicinal plants, which plants and parts of the same are used, which disease is indicated, its form of use, popular name, scientific name, botanical family for later production of a sensory garden as an environmental education strategy, enabling the relationship between human beings and nature, improving previous studies of ethnobotany and increasing the inclusion of students and students with special needs in the school and social environment. Initially, 10 escendants were interviewed who reported 31 species with medicinal, ornamental and food purposes. According to survey data, 80% of respondents are female. Regarding the education of the subjects, 64% had incomplete primary education, 9% completed secondary education and 27% completed higher education. With regard to the representative age groups, 10% are between 18 and 25 years old, 40% from 30 to 59 years old and 50% over 60 years old. As for the preparation of home remedies, it was possible to highlight the use of leaves as the main part used, followed by bark, fruit, seeds and root. Bath, tea, syrup or/and licker, bottled, were mentioned as forms of use. In reference to the most used methods of preparation, 80% was declared by decoction and 20% by infusion. Regarding the origin of learning about the use of medicinal species, 34% reported it through their parents, 33% through their grandparents and 33% through other family members. According to the Indians/descendants, the time that the patient will have a return against the disease varies from twenty four hours to a week, depending on the degree of the disease. As for the indication of the use of some kind of medicinal potential for other people, 100% of the subjects emphasized that passing on indications, regarding the production of the sensorial garden, which was made in the SketchUp program, with the help of a Civil Technologist from the city of UruçuíPI and organized in the form of a rotating route tinted with sand, water, gravel and phytotherapeutic plants and tactile floors. Aromatic plants such as mint, ginger, lemon and orange stimulate the audience's senses, namely: smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight respectively. The work presented the knowledge of the Gueguê descendants regarding the use of medicinal plants, however the medicinal knowledge of the interviewees is lower when compared to other communities due to the small number of people in the community and most of them having moved to the urban area. Therefore, it is important to produce a sensory garden as an environmental education strategy, which promotes a relationship between human beings and nature, deepens and facilitates previous studies of ethnobotany and increases the inclusion of students with special needs in the field. school and social environment