Panorama ambiental do uso do solo por necrópoles na zona urbana de Teresina: adequação legal e riscos de contaminação ambiental

Abstract

Considering that quality of life and environmental problems are interlinked, any change in the environment has consequences, causing impacts that affect the population's quality of life. The use of land by cemeteries can be a generating source of environmental impacts, as they present a high potential for pollution and contamination, these risks can be increased if the location and management are inappropriate. This study was mainly motivated by the great lack of studies on the cemeteries of Teresina, Piauí, despite the high risk of environmental contamination by these sources. As object of study, four urban necropolises were selected, Cemitério Areias, Dom Bosco, São José and Jardim da Resurreição, in public and private domains, with traditional or Park format (structure), active or inactive, all located in different zones of Teresina - PI. For this purpose, this research was organized and structured into three chapters, the first being, Environmental legislation and regulation for installation and use of land by necropolises, which aims to survey the laws in force in Brazilian states, and the main points discussed for the management of these areas as a means of increasing the safety and environmental quality of the areas where they are present; the second on land use and diagnosis of the environmental impact of cemetery activity in the urban area of Teresina-PI and the third on the use of the Term of Reference (TR) as an instrument for assessing the sustainability of cemetery activity in urban Teresina, PI. Among the results obtained by this research, the panorama of laws with national coverage on the current legislation on necropolis areas in all Brazilian states stands out, being an indispensable instrument in the prevention of environmental impacts. Through the results of the soil analysis, it was possible to perceive low or no influence of the necropolis activity in the target necropolises of this research. It is highlighted as an important factor resulting from this research the situational report of the necropolises and their main impacts in urban areas built through the Term of Reference - TR, since the risks can be reduced, following the implementation and management norms for cemeteries.