Análise da eficiência da estação de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) do município de Corrente, Piauí

Abstract

Nowadays population growth and the development of new activities have increased the demand for water use, a resource that is considered fundamental to life and some of its uses such as domestic can influence the increase of effluent generation, which when not treated correctly directly affect socio-environmental quality. In this sense, in order to ensure the availability of water for present and future generations, it is of great value to maintain the quality of life in large urban centers and additionally reduce environmental impacts as a result of human activities, leaving it to government agencies seeking purposes providing quality to the correct release of effluents into water bodies. Seen it, this study aimed to analyze the efficiency of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the municipality of Corrente-PI. To obtain the results were performed site visits, collecting geographic coordinates via GPS (Global Positioning System) and used the QGIS 2.14.8 desktop consisting of a Geographic Information System (GIS) software, used to preparation of the map of the location of the area, photographic records to better evidence the area of study and sample collection for analysis in the laboratory. The collections were made in April 2019, a rainy period, which was assigned to the evaluation to receive a greater amount of effluents, and the collection system of the city of Corrente is a unitary system, and in that period the seasons tend to receive a larger amount of effluent, influencing somehow in their efficiency, for the same period that does not support the demand, and reaches the overflow of ponds. The parameters analyzed were dissolved oxygen (OD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, total coliforms, temperature and hydrogenation potential (pH). Based on the data, it was observed that in the parameters: temperature, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and hydrogenation potential (pH) are in accordance with CONAMA's Resolutions 357/2005 and 430/2011. But in respect to phosphorus and coliform these parameters did not show proper values for release in the receiving body (river Corrente). It is therefore concluded that the treatment is effective only in some parameters. In terms of the structure of the Effluent Treatment Plant (WWTP), the city of Corrente-PI that has a basic system, namely the railing, sandpit and three ponds. However, it needs more investments in its infrastructure, since during the collection period, the WWTP was difficult to access. Although the station has efficiency in most of the parameters analyzed, it requires a more complex structure, with purpose to serve the entire urban population. And it would still be of the utmost importance for the city to have a separate collection system in order to separate the rainwater from the sanitary sewage, in order to obtain greater treatment efficiency in the rainy season.