Análise fitoquímica do extrato etanólico das folhas de Crotalaria pallida Aiton

Abstract

Trees belonging to the Fabaceae family are of such ecological and economic importance due to the association of most of their species with Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, being the main responsible for the entry of Nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems. Crotalaria pallida Aiton is a legume belonging to the Fabaceae family. Plants of the Leguminosae family are well known and have been studied by several areas of health to prove the action of isolated compounds, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, and even as a poison for pests. Brazil has a large and diverse flora and a wide use of plants as medicines by the population, justifying the studies and the increased interest in discovering new bioactive compounds originating from plants. The present work aims to describe the classes of secondary metabolites of the leaves, stems, and flowers of Crotalaria pallida to contribute to the chemical-pharmacological knowledge of the species. The qualitative analysis of chemical constituents was performed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the identification of classes of secondary metabolites, was made from phytochemical tests. A TLC analysis suggested the presence of flavonoids and coumarins in the ethanolic extracts of the leaves (EEF), stems (EEC), and flowers (EEFL) of C. pallida. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts allowed the identification of leucoanthocyanidins, dihydroflavonols, saponin heterosides, coumarins, and free steroids in all analyzed extracts. As for the yield of extracts, (EEF) showed the highest yield with 52.54%, followed by (EEC) with a yield of 9.86% and (EEFL) with a yield of 4.75%