Índice de vulnerabilidade social na área urbana de Teresina - PI: uma análise de sua espacialização

Abstract

Social vulnerability is understood as the condition of fragility or lack of protection that affects individuals or groups facing difficulties in meeting their basic needs and fundamental rights, such as food, housing, health, education, and work, affecting a significant portion of the Brazilian population, particularly in urban areas. Public policies are crucial to addressing these issues, as they can provide new assets or recover depleted resources, while also facilitating more efficient use of available resources by individuals. The participation of local communities is fundamental in demanding public services, with the effectiveness of this participation depending on the strength of local entities and leaders. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a tool used to identify failures in the provision of public goods and services and to understand the dynamics of social inequalities in urban areas. In this context, this research aims to analyze the spatialization of social vulnerability in the urban area of Teresina, Piauí, using SVI data from 2000 and 2010. It also includes analyzing the socioeconomic profile of the region, identifying areas of social vulnerability in the urban area of Teresina that require basic attention from public policies, and comparing the SVIs between 2000 and 2010 to evaluate existing public policies for these vulnerable areas. The methodology was carried out by surveying socioeconomic databases provided by IPEA for the years 2000 and 2010, with the study area focused on the urban area of the municipality. The results obtained indicate a reduction in the behavior of the social vulnerability index between the years 2000 and 2010 in the five administrative regions in a non-uniform manner, one of the evidence of the existence of public policies for socioeconomic and human development in the urban fabric, since in some regions of the city there are high levels of social vulnerability, verified through maps generated for each sub-index addressed in the dimensions of the composition of the SVI. In this sense, the research can help guide the development of more effective public policies to address social vulnerability in the urban areas of Teresina in order to minimize its deficiencies.