Obtenção e caracterização de membranas de PHB/Bixina/Bidroxiapatita: perspectivas de uso como biomaterial para a reparação óssea

Abstract

Biomaterials are substances of natural or synthetic origin capable of interacting with the biological system. The efficiency of these biomaterials depends on their physical-chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties and the ability of adhesion with tissue cells for healing. These biomaterials can be incorporated into bioceramics such as HAp, favoring bone neoformation, and also to natural compounds such as bixin, a carotenoid found in the pericarp of urucum seeds. The objective was to prepare and characterize PHB / Bixin / HAp membrane for possible applications in bone repair. The PHB / Bixin / HAp membranes were synthesized by the solvent casting method and characterized as morphology, physicochemical characteristics and biological properties. PHB, Bixin and HAp membranes were obtained with homogeneous, nonporous and semicrystalline structures with morphology revealing irregular surfaces, with the presence of clusters, favorable characteristics for the application as biomaterial to favor the process of cell adhesion and proliferation. The chemical analysis showed that the P50 / B30 / H20 membrane presented a better Ca / P ratio (1.40) and that the P70 / B15 / H15 membrane had a lower crystallinity index, compared to the other proportions, suggesting a better interaction with the matrix. Biological properties indicate that the proportions P70 / B15 / H15 and P60 / B20 / H20 are more suitable for applications requiring biomaterial stability while the P50 / B20 / H30 ratio presented better applications as a possible drug dispenser since degradation when in contact with physiological fluids. It was observed that the membranes presented bacteriostatic behavior which hinders the formation of microorganisms. The toxicity test with Artemia salina is not indicated for this biomaterial due to the need to expose the lavas and extract to light and consequent degradation of the material.