A Ilustração científica e sua aplicação em diferentes campos científicos: uma análise de sua importância para a compreensão de diferentes conceitos

Abstract

This work addresses scientific illustration asits theme, and how it is present in different scientific fields, seeking to understand its importance and how it is used within Science through concepts and applications in teaching. The aim was to analyze the importance and use of scientific illustration in different areas of the scientific field. Emphasizing the following specific objectives: historical theoretical review; its importance for the Teaching of Geology and Paleontology; proposals for the use of CI in teaching; survey of illustrated guides and their mapping in Brazil as a tool for environmental conservation. For the bibliographic survey, research platforms were searched in its database such as Google Scholar, Scielo, CAPES, articles, monographs, thesis, dissertation, in Portuguese and English using the following descriptors: “scientific illustration in geology”, “scientific illustration in paleontology" "scientific illustration" to obtain works that bring contents about CI. To survey the illustrated guides, searches were carried out on sites that provide free collections for consultation in their virtual library, such as WWF BRAZIL, ICMBio, Projetoreflorir, Apassarinhologa, works involving illustrated works, which have in the title the terms “illustrated guides”, “illustrated field guides” and “illustrated Brazilian biomes”. content already repeated about Brazilian species and biomes and other scarce illustrations (drawings), 14 works were selected for the production of the analysis chart and maps. Four illustrations related to Geology and Paleontology were produced for the application of concepts in Higher Education, worked in India ink using the pointillism technique, they are: Glyptodon clavipes, bone plate, geological profile and trace fossils. Scientific illustration in its historical context, brings various information with works related to illustration, showing its relevance and importance, to acquire knowledge about it. Even with a large theoretical-historical bibliographical collection, it is still little known, in Brazil it is still not as recognized and worked as in Aveiro, Portugal and the United States. Within Paleontology it is used through paleoart. In Geology it is present through geological illustrations, but there is a lack of works focusing on IC in Geology and Paleontology. Scientific illustration assists in the teaching of paleontology and geology, supplying the lack of didactic materials, when the teaching institution does not have financial resources or technological resources. The workshops as teaching methodologies with the use of CI help a lot in understanding concepts, making them less complex. It is necessary to create CI centers in the Northeast and in other regions of Brazil, for the dissemination of field guides for the Brazilian biome. Because there is a great lack of illustrated guides in this region. The following work contributes to the dissemination of CI knowledge in the scientific field.