Obtenção de biodiesel a partir do óleo de fritura e óleo de soja puro coletados no refeitório no IFPI/Campus Parnaíba

Abstract

In the last decades, the demand for energy has increased significantly. Nowadays, the most used sources of energy are derived from petroleum, however, the availability of oil from fossil fuels, have become limited. In this context, several studies related to alternative energy emerged, such as biodiesel, which has gained importance for being a substitute for diesel oil in engines. The current work discusses a proposal for reuse waste fats and how to reduce the environmental impacts replacing diesel with biodiesel. It was used as raw material frying oil and soybean oil collected in the cafeteria of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Parnaiba-PI campus. These oils were transesterified for methyl route process and by basic catalysis using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at room temperature, approximately 30 ° C for 1 hour. The results of physicochemical analyzes showed that the obtained biodiesels were inside the standards of Brazilian law, such as density, viscosity, respectively obtained, 0.87 g / m3, 5.94 mm² s-1 for biodiesel frying and 0.86 g / m3 s-1 5.91 mm² for soybean biodiesel. Being, therefore, in accordance with the standards set by the Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis – ANP, which is the agency that regulates the fuel properties for sale in Brazil. The physicochemical parameters studied were: density, viscosity, acid level, quantity of ester, and infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis intending to show the molecular vibrations of the main functional groups present in biodiesel structures, thereby confirming the transesterification reaction. This set of results gives the biodiesels samples obtained in this work, a great potential for use as biofuel and qualifying these raw materials used, as an important energy matrix.