Avaliação da qualidade do leite in natura comercializado no município de Valença do Piauí-PI

Abstract

Decree-Law No. 923/1969 prohibits the sale of raw milk directly to the consumer. Since it is a very common practice for many Brazilian municipalities, especially in the Northeast, to sell raw milk without proper production, hygiene and transportation standards. And in the local context, what is the quality of fresh milk sold in the municipality of Valença do Piauí-PI? The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the quality of fresh milk sold in the municipality of Valença do Piauí-PI, highlighting the physical-chemical parameters of the milk; the nutritional components of fresh milk; comparing the data obtained with the values established in MAPA Normative Instruction nº 76/2018. The samples were analyzed at the Center for Studies, Research and Food Procedures at the Federal University of Piauí, where they underwent analysis using the Ekomilk® equipment (Ultrasonic Milk Analyzer) to measure the physicochemical contents of Fat, Protein, Lactose, Dry Extract degreased (ESD), Freezing point and pH. After obtaining the results, the data was tabulated in the Microsoft Office Excel 2019® application with the creation of graphs and compared with the quality parameters of refrigerated raw milk established by MAPA Normative Instruction nº 76, of November 26, 2018. The parameters evaluated were Fat, Protein, Lactose, Defatted Dry Extract (ESD), Freezing Point and pH. The fat content only in sample C presented a favorable average. In the ESD parameter, only sample A reached the minimum content indicated in the legislation. In terms of density, samples B and C met the minimum established parameter. For protein, samples A and C remained within the minimum value. All lactose samples met the required levels. In cryoscopy, only sample C was significant, reaching between -0.530ºH and -0.555ºH according to the technical standard. Regarding pH, only samples B and C demonstrated significant values within acceptable standards. From the analyzes carried out, it was found that the fresh milk samples did not meet the standards required by the IN of MAPA nº 76/2018 in at least one of the parameters studied. Therefore, the topic requires more research aimed at reaching other milk producers in order to obtain more accurate results that portray the quality of milk in the municipality of Valença do Piauí.