Expansão urbana e impactos ambientais: uma analise do bairro Vale do Gavião em Teresina - PI

Abstract

Cities, currently, face a major challenge in ensuring a satisfactory quality of life for their inhabitants. This quality is compromised when urban expansion occurs in a disorderly way, generating several problems that affect the population well-being. From this perspective, this research was born, with the general objective of analyzing the environmental impacts caused by the occupation and urban densification in the Vale do Gavião neighborhood, located in the eastern region of the city of Teresina, Piauí. Its specific objectives are: a) To debate the interrelation between urbanization and environmental impacts; b) to comprehend the process of urban evolution of the city of Teresina; c) to discuss the evolution of the urban expansion of the Vale do Gavião neighborhood, from 2005 to 2024; d) to examine the environmental impacts caused by the occupation and densification of the urban space in the Vale do Gavião neighborhood. To achieve the proposed objectives, bibliographic research, data surveys from public institutions, such as IBGE and Teresina City Hall, cartographic survey, on-site verification and geoprocessing techniques, involving the mapping of land use in the neighborhood under study through satellite images, were used as methodological procedures. To analyze the urban expansion, satellite images and maps were used to demonstrate this process in the years 2005, 2009 and 2024. Throughout the research, it was discussed that Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí, had its growth accelerated from the second half of the twentieth century, with this growth being the result of real estate developments, such as housing complexes. Thus, this expansion of the city of Teresina resulted in the formation of new neighborhoods, such as the Vale do Gavião neighborhood, which has had, in the last 19 years, an accelerated expansion process. This rapid and disorderly expansion compromised the quality of life and well-being of the population of this neighborhood due to the emergence and intensification of environmental impacts. Among these impacts, the removal of native vegetation, exposed soil, open sewers, irregular disposal of solid waste and fires can be verified. Based on this, at the end of this research, a booklet presenting and discussing the environmental impacts that were identified was produced. The objective of the booklet is to present some characteristics of the Vale do Gavião neighborhood and to highlight the environmental impacts that were found, therefore being a way to raise awareness among the population, organized civil society and public authorities, in order to minimize these impacts and promote a dignified life with social and environmental quality for the population.