Qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer de próstata submetidos ao tratamento radioterápico: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a disease loaded of stigmata, superstitions and mysticism. The Impact of neoplastic diagnosis promotes biopsychosocial changes que that change the entire context in which the cancer patient is inserted. Cancer of the Prostate (CaP) is a serious problem worldwide and national public health due to the high incidence and emotional devastation that promotes in men affected by this cancer. The quality of life in CaP is profoundly altered by cultural, social and psychological factors. OBJECTIVES: The Study was to analyze the quality of life of patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy treatment is justified by the need to promote the expansion of information of a theme as relevant, little studied in the Brazilian scene and help the clarifications and the decline of taboos regarding this pathology. METHODOLOGY: The method used was the Integrative Review and the study included scientific publications published between 2001 and 2015, the data collection was based on the Virtual Health Library (BVS) Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), reputable magazines health care (Nursing, Psychology and Radiology and health) and renowned universities websites through health descriptors: cancer, prostate cancer, quality of life and radiation. The initial sample contained 57 publications and excluding those that did not meet the research objectives and repetitions, they were left with 17 publications of interest.RESULTS: All questioning involving the prostate is related to masculinity and is surrounded by unfounded prejudices and fears; The belief in concomitance with the taboos that surround the theme promote the delay in the search for medical help. CONCLUSION: Finally, it is concluded that radiotherapy treatment directly influences the quality of life of patients with CaP, where the occurrence of side effects related to sexual function correspond to a greater concern among patients. The establishment of a satisfactory quality of life achieved by a combination of factors interrelated, where the affective - emotional component in CaP acts as determinant in the way and how patients will deal with all aspects related to malignant neoplasia; the technologist in radiology should contribute to acquisition of improvements in physical well-being,mental and social well-being of the patients.