Uma centelha de curiosidade: a jornada histórica e experimental da garrafa de Leiden no Ensino Médio

Abstract

This work proposes an innovative approach to teaching capacitors, a topic often neglected in high school, especially due to lack of resources and learning difficulties. The main objective is to introduce the concept of capacitors in a practical and engaging way, using the replica of the historic Leiden Jar as a didactic tool. The research, conducted with students in the third year of high school integrated with the IT technical course at the Federal Institute of Piauí (IFPI) - São Raimundo Nonato campus, explores the historical context of capacitors, from the invention of the Leiden Jar to current models, addressing their operating principles and everyday applications. In addition, the study discusses the importance of meaningful learning, experimentation in physics teaching, and the benefits of using Didactic Sequences as a teaching methodology. The qualitative approach used allowed for the analysis of student engagement during the activities, highlighting the development of critical and scientific thinking. The results obtained demonstrate that the construction of the Leiden Jar replica and the application of the proposed didactic sequence were effective in promoting the teaching-learning of capacitors, enriching the educational experience of students and providing a more meaningful and lasting learning.