Análise ambiental do Rio Parnaíba no trecho que banha a zona urbana no município de Teresina-PI: uma análise da qualidade de água do manancial

Abstract

This study presents a diagnosis of the water quality of the Parnaíba River along the section that runs through the urban and central area of the city of Teresina-PI, a city that lacks adequate and comprehensive basic sanitation coverage for the population, which can impact the quality of the water source. The objective of this work is to assess the water quality of the Parnaíba River by analyzing physical-chemical and microbiological parameters and comparing them with the standards established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, as well as conducting an environmental characterization of the area to identify indicators of pollution in the water body. First, five strategic water sampling points were selected along the riverbank, from upstream at the José Sarney Bridge to a few meters downstream from the Metal Bridge. Water analyses were carried out over a four-month period using Alphakit, Colipaper, and a microbiological incubator. Points 1 and 2 (both near the José Sarney Bridge) stood out in the results due to their high levels of Ammonia, Nitrate, and Nitrite compared to points 3, 4, and 5. The environmental characterization of the areas was conducted through photographic records, on-site observation, and the use of Google Earth Pro, which revealed signs of human activity in the river and the use of the riverbanks for sanitary purposes, as well as irregular waste disposal, deforestation, and siltation of the watercourse. It is concluded that changes in the river's water quality are directly linked to human activities and the lack of adequate sanitation infrastructure, highlighting the need for integrated action between public authorities and the community to preserve the water source and promote sustainability.