Melhores práticas e dificuldades enfrentadas em radiografia pediátrica

Abstract

Introduction: Working in pediatric radiology goes beyond the technical dimension; professionals must consider both the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children, as well as the need for a welcoming approach that reduces the repetition of exams and unnecessary radiation exposure. Objective: To identify challenges and best practices in pediatric radiology. Methodology: An electronic search was conducted in the following databases: AlliedAcademies.org, Science Direct, PubMed, RB.org, Arca.Fiocruz, PUC SP, and ResearchGate, using the descriptors “Pediatric Radiology” and “Pediatric X-rays.” Results and Discussion: A total of 208,216 published articles were found. After applying filters and conducting an analysis, 9 articles were considered relevant to this study. According to the research, pediatric radiology faces a variety of challenges that span procedural, emotional, and technical areas. The evaluated articles generally agree on key topics such as age-specific imaging protocols, the importance of radiation protection (particularly the ALARA principle), and the use of communication and distraction techniques to improve cooperation during exams. There is emphasis on topics such as parental perception, the psychological impact on radiologists, and variations in imaging methods influenced by the pandemic. Approaches to caregiver engagement, access to pediatric-specific equipment, and the availability of clinical guidelines are further influenced by cultural and regional differences. Conclusion: Pediatric radiography presents specific challenges that require specialized approaches to ensure patient safety and high-quality diagnostics. The ALARA principle, supported by cutting-edge technology and practical methods, is essential for reducing radiation exposure. Exam repetition can be minimized, and the patient experience improved, by establishing a child-friendly environment and employing effective communication. Although ongoing debates about lead shielding and global variations highlight the need for improved procedures and specialized training in Brazil, proper immobilization is also crucial, requiring a balance between distraction and restraint.