Potencial de geração de bioenergia a partir da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares do aterro sanitário de Teresina - PI

Abstract

purposes. They represent a viable, sustainable alternative, as their use allows for the generation of clean energy and contributes to global environmental balance. This study aims to estimate the potential for bioenergy generation from the organic fraction of household solid waste (HSW) from the Teresina Municipal Sanitary Landfill (Piauí), using gravimetric data from this waste, provided by the Municipal Secretariat of Urban Development and Housing (SEMDUH). Four mathematical methods were applied to the population study: arithmetic, geometric, logistic, and decreasing growth rate. Among the methods analyzed, the logistic method showed the greatest compatibility with IBGE data, estimating a saturation population of 917,475 inhabitants by 2040. Therefore, it was adopted to support projections for household waste generation in the municipality. The average annual generation of household solid waste (HSW) from 2020 to 2040 was estimated at 195,364 tons, resulting in a cumulative volume of 4,102,645 tons by 2040. The methodology established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used to calculate methane generation based on the projected waste volume. The maximum annual methane generation estimated for the landfill from 2021 to 2050 is projected for 2031, the year after its closure, with 8,194,909 m³ of CH₄, of which 5,736,436 m³ of CH₄ represents the fraction actually collected. The lowest annual projection of methane captured corresponds to 2021, with 649,317 m³ of CH₄. Regarding energy conversion, maximum power is estimated to be reached in 2031, at 3.26 MW, with 0.91 MW being available for electricity generation, resulting in an annual production of 6,260 MWh. On the other hand, the lowest available power is projected for 2021, corresponding to 0.1 MW, implying an annual generation of 709 MWh. Monthly generation ranges from 59 MWh in 2021 to 522 MWh in 2031, sufficient to meet the landfill's own monthly energy demand of 12 MWh. Carbon credits generated from 2021 to 2050 through energy recovery totaled 4,440 tons of CO2, while those from simple gas flaring, in the same period, totaled 795,511 tons of CO2. Although in smaller quantities, carbon credits from energy recovery, in addition to their greater economic and environmental value, offer the advantage of meeting the landfill's electricity demand. Therefore, the research highlights the energy potential of household solid waste from the Teresina (PI) landfill for generating electricity, contributing to the promotion of sustainable solutions in the Brazilian climate agenda. However, it is necessary to assess the economic and environmental feasibility of implementing biogas recovery systems for this purpose.