Implantes mamários: impactos na qualidade diagnóstica da mamografia na detecção precoce do câncer de mama

Abstract

Considering the significant growth in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries using breast implants and the impact they have on the quality of mammography exams, such as reduced diagnostic sensitivity, compromising the early detection of breast cancer, this integrative review aimed to evaluate how implants interfere with the diagnostic accuracy of mammography and what technical strategies can mitigate these limitations. To this end, a systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, using descriptors in Portuguese and English and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the selection of six studies published between 2014 and 2024. The studies indicate that implants hinder the visualization of the mammary parenchyma due to the overlapping of the prosthesis, reinforcing the need for the addition of a specific technique for implants called the Eklund maneuver for better spreading of the parenchyma, improving the visualization of possible hidden lesions. The authors also point out that additional methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced mammography, increase diagnostic accuracy in more complex cases. It is concluded that there is consensus in the literature regarding the importance of technical standardization and professional qualification to overcome the limitations imposed by the prosthesis, ensuring that mammography remains an effective and safe method for screening women with breast implants.