Análise espacial da frequência escolar por faixa etária no estado do Piauí

Abstract

This study analyzes the spatial patterns of school attendance in the state of Piauí, focusing on territorial inequalities by age group. Data from the IBGE (2022) Demographic Census were used, processed in QGIS, and statistically analyzed in GeoDa using the Global Moran Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The results show that Piauí had a gross school attendance rate higher than the national average (28.05% versus 26.46%), but with strong municipal heterogeneity. High attendance hot spots are concentrated in the south and north-central regions, while cold spots predominate in the southeast and east. Inequalities are most pronounced in critical age groups, such as early childhood (0–5 years) and youth (15–24 years), with high high school dropout rates. The temporal analysis (2010–2022) revealed that spatial patterns have become less intense but persist. The adoption of territorialized and intersectoral public policies is recommended to reduce educational disparities.