Análise multidimensional das questões de física do vestibular do IFPI (2023-2026): aspectos cognitivos, discursivos, epistemológicos e psicométricos

Abstract

This study analyzes the Physics questions from the entrance exam of the Federal Institute of Piauí (IFPI) applied between 2023 and 2026, totaling twenty questions, considering cognitive, discursive, epistemological, and psychometric aspects. The research, of a documentary nature and qualitative approach, uses the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, Semiotic-Discursive Analysis, Epistemological Analysis, and Item Response Theory (IRT) in its multidimensional analysis. The results show a balanced distribution of thematic axes across the years, with a greater presence of content related to Mechanics, Electromagnetism, Thermodynamics, and Electricity. In terms of cognitive aspects, there is a greater predominance of Understanding and Applying, revealing a higher presence of intermediate cognitive skills.Discursive semiotics shows us that the statements use clear commands, images, graphics, and different representational registers, broadening the possibilities for interpretation. From na epistemological point of view, classic physical models predominate. In the psychometric dimension, there is a greater predominance of items with medium and low discrimination, indicating the difference in the level of the questions. It is concluded that the IFPI entrance exam is consistent with the BNCC guidelines and seeks to diversify content and forms of presentation, although it still concentrates its cognitive complexity at intermediate levels. This study contributes to improving the development of future items and strengthening the evaluative quality of the institution.