Vulnerabilidade ambiental do Parque Nacional das Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba - PNNRP

Abstract

Environmental degradation is directly linked to the use and occupation of the and the gradual exploitation of environmental resources, since the forms of occupation and are directly related to the type and degree of impact, which the environment. In this sense, analyzing the density of the vegetation cover, as well as its spatiality, becomes an important mechanism for studies aimed at analyzing landscape degradation, natural resource management and planning, understanding hydrological processes, diagnosing dynamism in agrarian space and among other purposes, mainly analyzes applied to research aimed at the study of the vulnerability of a conservation unit of sustainable use, endowed with an environment of constraints to the natural fragility. the objective of this research is to correlate the levels of environmental vulnerability prevalent in the Parnaíba River National Park in the State of Piauí, based on a survey of the vegetation cover and alteration of the landscape resulting from the management practices of the Conservation Unit. The study was carried out in the Parnaíba River National Park located on the plateaus of the Chapada das Mangabeiras / Serra da Tabatinga, in which it concentrates part of its territory in the State of Piauí. The study was based on the methodology of Crepani et al. (2001) combined with the survey of vegetation cover and alteration of the landscape by Index of Vegetation by Normalized Difference - NDVI in order to obtain information from images of satellite and other remote sensing products in order to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of surface data. The levels of environmental vulnerability to degradation were verified using maps of the vegetation cover in the 1996- 2006 - 2016 sample design. The vegetation coverage analysis was performed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index to identify the presence of green vegetation on the surface and to characterize its spatial distribution, as well as to identify its evolution over time. As identified by the final products of the measurement of NDVI vegetation cover rates, a large part of the Park's territory is vulnerable areas, susceptible to a high degree of environmental degradation associated with the gradual expansion of its Cerrado exploitation of natural resources given through the implementation of agricultural projects included in the area prevailing to the cerrado biome, which is part of the transition to other plant coverages responsible for the maintenance balance of the conservation unit