Influência do tempo de cultivo na compactação do solo em subsuperfície

Abstract

One of the major problems faced today in agriculture is soil compaction, both on the surface and subsurface. Soil resistance to penetration (RP) is a physical analysis used to evaluate soil compaction, where through equipment called penetrometers, the resistance that the soil offers to root penetration is simulated. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of cultivation time on soil compaction in the subsurface, in the 0.20 to 0.60 m layer, and to confirm whether the use of tractors and agricultural implements help in the compaction process. The study was carried out at Fazenda Chapada do Céu, located in the municipality of Sebastião Leal - PI, where the soil is classified as Typic Dystrophic Yellow Latosol, under the domain of the cerrado biome. The mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration was determined using the STOLF method with an impact penetrometer model IAA/Planalsucar with a cone angle of 300. The areas studied were Mata Nativa (MN) with 0 years of cultivation and areas with 12, 18 and 24 years of cultivation. Cultivation time influenced the compaction of subsurface cultivated areas. However, there was compaction in the cultivated areas regardless of the cultivation time in relation to the uncultivated area. Cultivated areas showed higher RP values compared to native forest in the 0.20 to 0.40 m layer, but in the 0.50 to 0.60 m layer, all areas were statistically equal and presented RP values below the critical value