Avaliação de trabalho em centros cirurgicose intervencionistas acerca da proteçãoradiológica: uma revisão dintegrativa da literatura

Abstract

: Several hospital units, particularly Surgical Centers (CC) and Interventional Centers (IC), have equipment that emit radiation and expose medical and nursing teams, as well as radiologic technicians/technologists to the associated risks. In CC and IC units, the equipment that uses this harmful radiation is the surgical arches and the mobile X-ray equipment, necessary for orthopedic interventions, vascular and cardiac surgeries and neurosurgeries. Because of the high demand in HS and IC for the use of x rays, the rates of exposure to ionizing radiation in which health professionals working in the processes performed in the centers, can be considered high at some points when associated with the maximum permissible limit value per year. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the aspects of the work of HS and IC professionals regarding radiological protection, as well as to verify the radioprotection methods that must be adopted during the acquisition of radiographs, from the use of individual protection equipment to the practices used for self-protection pre-established by the professionals. METHODS: The study design is a literature review with data collection from secondary sources by means of a bibliographic survey. This study is an integrative literature review, in which published articles related to the aspects of the work of HS and IC professionals on radiological protection were searched through the databases. RESULTS: Radiation exposure during procedures in the OR and IC is significantly higher for primary surgeons and assistants than for the support staff, including instrumentation and equipment operators. Thus, it is worth noting that it is possible to significantly reduce the dose to surgeons in cases where they are able to move 1.8 meters away from the x-ray generating source during 50% of the X-ray examinations. CONCLUSION: The main means of protection against x-rays used by the professionals were, firstly: lead aprons; in all the studies investigated in this research, lead aprons were present during the procedures. Second: thyroid shields, which were used in most procedures, but a significant number of people were seen not using them. In third place: lead safety goggles, being the most despised protective accessory, as it was observed in several surveys that they were not used during the procedures