O ensemble canônico e suas aplicações: uma abordagem estatística da força eletromotriz, magnetização e polarização dielétrica da matéria no eletromagnetismo clássico

Abstract

The canonical ensemble is a tool that, in order to be used, it is necessary to establish some conditions that allow the construction of the partition function for these systems. From the partition function, a fundamental equation can be determined, thus enabling the study of thermodynamic variables. The main condition is that the analyzed physical system is in contact with a thermal reservoir, therefore, for this work, the environment is considered as a thermal reservoir. This work aims to present a form of application of the statistical method in electrical and magnetic phenomena of classical electromagnetism. The examples worked refer to the electromotive force of a battery, the dielectric polarization of two states and the paramagnet of two states, having as main study tool, the canonical ensemble, establishing relationships between some electrical variables (electromotive force, internal resistance and polarization matter dielectric and electrical susceptibility), magnetic (magnetization and magnetic susceptibility) and thermodynamics (internal energy, Helmholtz free energy)