Gestão dos resíduos sólidos em Pedro II - Piauí : presente e futuro

Abstract

The economic development combined with the process of urbanization and rapid population growth exert pressure on the environment to the extent that the production system demands the increasing use of natural resources necessary for the production of consumer goods. In this context, solid waste increases exponentially along with the problems arising from inadequate final disposal in dumps and controlled landfills. In this sense, this study aims to perform the diagnosis and evaluation of environmental impacts arising from the management of solid waste held in the municipality of Pedro II - Piauí through the matrix evaluation method for the identification and classification of environmental impacts, as well as perform an aerial photogrammetric survey with the use of drone associated with the geodesic receiver in the current area of waste disposal thus allowing, through the use of the drone, the complement through the cartographic products generated the evaluation of matrix impacts with more accurate visual analysis. The results obtained through the aerial photogrammetric survey showed high quality and accuracy data that were acquired quickly and with low operating cost when compared to conventional topographic survey. Thus, its use has proven to be a promising tool in environmental analysis, audits and monitoring. In the stage of impact assessment were identified environmental impacts such as the increase in erosive processes, the possible contamination of soil and groundwater, the emission of greenhouse gases, among others. This set of data showed that the landfill of the municipality in question has high degradation and, therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of environmentally appropriate disposal area of waste in landfill, according to legal provisions established in the national solid waste policy, law 12.305/ 2010, in addition to implementation of recovery program of degraded area inactivated, in order to reduce the environmental impact of the landfills. They have an emergency character to reduce the magnitude and scope of environmental impacts. Given what has been exposed, this study provides information about the real situation of environmental degradation for the public manager to adopt mitigation actions thus allowing the development of waste management in a sustainable way, in addition to the establishment of environmental education program that promotes awareness of civil society regarding the importance of proper waste management.