Resolução de problemas no ensino da matemática: uma abordagem por meio da teoria dos grafos

Abstract

With regard to the teaching of mathematics, the search for teaching methodologies that will help teachers, in terms of taking the content in an attractive way, has been growing considerably. In this way, the objective of this work is to present an investigation on the contributions of the method of solving problems through Graph Theory for the process of meaningful learning of students in Elementary and High School. Therefore, a bibliographic research was carried out, based on scientific publications, to present discussions about the importance of problem solving in the teaching and learning process of mathematics, presenting the problem solving structure according to Polya. Soon after, a historical contextualization of Graph Theory was made, showing the first problems that gave rise to this theory, as well as the suggestion of optimization problems, among others, which are solved based on Graph Theory. With this, it is expected to take to the teaching community, a discussion of this teaching methodology, which despite being discussed for a long time, is still little used nowadays. It is also expected that the discussion on Graph Theory can arouse interest in future research on this topic, thus bringing this problem-solving tool to students