O ensino de Física em contextos : compreendendo o fenômeno da ressonância a partir de um modelo para o oscilador amortecido e forçado

Abstract

The work investigated the phenomenon of resonance, which is one phenomenon among several natural phenomena. Describing a model for the damped and forced oscillator that reproduces, within acceptable limits, the essential characteristics due to these phenomena that arise with certain frequency in Physics teaching, the phenomenon of resonance can be studied from contexts in Physics teaching, for example. For example, when making a glass cup vibrate intensely, which can break, when subjected to a sound wave of a specific frequency, or when a microwave device works, providing energy to increase the vibration of food molecules. In this work, we investigate the phenomenon of resonance in contexts for teaching Physics through the mechanical model for the damped and forced oscillator in its underdamping regime, which is the only one that has the parameters linked to resonance. To this end, we approach the resolution of the differential equation that governs the dynamics of the model both analytically and numerically, in order to better characterize the phenomenon through its increase in amplitude or through its amplification factor or quality factor Q. Thus, the phenomenon of resonance appears in several other contexts in Physics teaching, justifying its importance and its didactic approach. With this basic model we can characterize and understand resonance, contributing to teaching-learning, by encouraging analogies between the mechanical quantities of the model and the quantities of interest in other situations.