Análise das práticas experimentais nos TCCs de física disponíveis na Base Institucional Acadêmica (BIA) do IFPI

Abstract

This study investigates the presence and approach of experimental practices in the Final Papers (Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso - TCCs) of the Physics Undergraduate courses at the Instituto Federal do Piauí (IFPI). The objective is to analyze the number and types of TCCs that use experimentation, the most frequent methodologies and the challenges faced by students to include experiments. To this end, TCCs available in the IFPI Institutional Academic Database (BIA) from 2020 to 2024 were analyzed. The methodology adopted included a bibliographic review and textual analysis of the TCCs, using the Iramuteq software to identify linguistic patterns and recurring themes. The results indicate that, although experimentation is recognized as essential, its implementation faces obstacles such as lack of infrastructure and institutional support. Most of the works employ qualitative or quali- quantitative approaches, highlighting low-cost experimentation as a viable alternative. The predominance of monographs in relation to scientific articles was also observed. The analysis by Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD), carried out with Iramuteq, identified six thematic classes, evidencing experimentation as a facilitator of learning and its positive impact on student motivation. It is concluded that there is a need for greater institutional incentive for experimentation in the Physics Degree courses at IFPI, in addition to the expansion of resources and teacher training focused on experimental methodologies. The study contributes to the understanding of pedagogical practices and suggests directions for future research on experimental teaching.