Estudo de reabilitação estrutural da edificação da sede da fazenda serra negra: contribuições da literatura técnica

Abstract

Pathological manifestations tend to present themselves more critically in old and historical buildings, whose structural rehabilitation demands the adoption of techniques that preserve their original characteristics. In this context, this study aimed to propose a structural rehabilitation approach for the headquarters building of Fazenda Serra Negra, located in the municipality of Aroazes, in the state of Piauí. This is a case study, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, based on bibliographic and documentary research, with a qualitative approach. The methodological procedures were developed in three stages: bibliographic survey and analysis of the expert report, the Damage Map and the building restoration project; analysis of documents from regulatory bodies and technical standards, as well as data processing through tables and figures; and preparation of the final report. The results indicated that the main causes of the non-conformities identified in the Damage Map stem from the action of time, anthropic intervention and the lack of maintenance of the property. Based on these findings, reinforcement and rehabilitation techniques were recommended, such as: wall stapling; The conservation of the original woodwork, with occasional replacements using wood from the region, reinforcement with additional metal and/or wood supports, as well as the application of natural products for waterproofing and wood preservation, such as linseed oil and carnauba wax, recommended by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage; and the restoration of the clay mortar coating with materials compatible with the originals, preceded by laboratory studies, such as the use of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques, in addition to reinforcement with deployer mesh. It is concluded that the structural rehabilitation of historical buildings, still little known in the field of civil engineering, requires the adoption of minimally intrusive techniques and non-destructive testing, to preserve the integrity of the materials, the building and its surroundings. The intervention must consider technical, legal and social aspects, based on an interdisciplinary approach and a values-based conservation approach.