Descobrindo o poder do átomo: uma sequência didática interativa para o ensino sobre fusão e fissão nuclear no ensino fundamental

Abstract

This work aims to investigate the teaching of Nuclear Physics in elementary school using an interactive teaching sequence that adopts the CTSA (Science, Technology, Society, and Environment) approach, aiming to promote more contextualized and reflective learning. It is believed that traditionally taught Physics content can contribute significantly to human development, as long as it is anchored in social practice and relevant to students' lives. Therefore, it is essential that Physics teaching goes beyond simply memorizing equations and solving decontextualized problems. Scientific and technological advancements have been increasingly questioned due to their environmental and social impacts, such as environmental degradation and the use of technologies for warlike or even genocidal purposes, such as the atomic bombs and napalm in the Vietnam War. In this context, understanding Nuclear Physics is essential to understanding how this field can impact society and the environment, allowing students to develop a critical and responsible view of the use of nuclear technology. The aim, therefore, is to redefine physics teaching, transforming it into a tool for social transformation that values citizenship development. To make learning even more interactive and engaging, the teaching sequence will be structured around a familiar and entertaining character: Homer Simpson, from The Simpsons, who works at a nuclear power plant. Using this character will allow for a more contextualized and playful approach, facilitating the understanding of fundamental concepts of nuclear physics, such as nuclear fission and fusion, in a more comprehensible and meaningful way for students.