Dimensionamento e construção de uma máquina de ensaio de queda drop test

Abstract

Mechanical tests are used to characterize the mechanical properties of materials. The physical properties, once obtained, are used for the dimensioning of structures or elements of machines. However, most tests performed frequently are of a static nature, so it is necessary to perform dynamic tests when they are required. Impact tests are dynamic character experiments performed on test bodies or on components. These kinds of tests are realized where there is a need to observe the response of materials to the dynamic impact stresses. The present work has the purpose of allowing a correct dimensioning of components, such as those used in radios controlled aircraft made in the IFPI, which are susceptible to the action of loads from impact. Therefore, this work aims to size and build a machine for conducting impact tests. The impact will be achieved through lifting and dropping of parts, this type of test is known as drop test. The sizing was done through bibliographical reviews, with the accomplishment of calculations of resistance of materials and also with the choice of lifting mechanism. The construction of the same one was made using materials of easy access, allowing a reduction of total cost. A rigid machine was obtained, which allows an easy upward and downward movement of the assembly (load and component to be tested). With the accomplishment of the present work it is now possible to carry out an appropriate dimensioning of components or parts subjected to impact efforts.