Casos limite da mecânica: um breve desenvolvimento sobre a evolução e o limite clássico da mecânica relativística e da mecânica quântica

Abstract

Science in its evolution has always encountered conceptual and epistemological barriers. In physics, the transposition of these barriers culminated, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, in the birth of two new branches of this science, which established profound changes in its conceptual basis. Classical Mechanics, which described everyday physical events well, was now a particular case of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, for the limit of low speeds and large length scales, respectively. These new two pillars of Physics are responsible for the development of new technologies, so relevant to the advancement of humanity and, consequently, of great value in the school and university environment. So, knowing the great importance of such topics for students of undergraduate courses in Physics, mainly, this work aims at a quick treatment regarding the development of mechanics, focusing on limit cases between Newton's Mechanics in relation to Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. It was observed during the development of the work, an easier way to reduce the relativistic mechanics to the classic one. From quantum to classical mechanics, it was found that this process would not be so simple, as they hold very different concepts and ideas. From the research it can be seen that even today there are many efforts in the attempt to universalize quantum mechanics, that is, to end the objections that exist when the classic limit process is carried out