Riscos químicos associados ao uso inadequado e à mistura de água sanitária com produtos de limpeza domésticos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This study analyzes the risks associated with the improper use and mixing of household cleaning products, with an emphasis on bleach, sodium hypochlorite, and powdered laundry detergent, considering the chemical, toxicological, and preventive aspects related to the use of these cleaning products in domestic environments. The study aimed to understand the chemical characteristics of the main cleaning products, identify factors associated with poisoning, analyze the risks resulting from the improper mixing of different cleaning products, and discuss prevention and awareness measures for their safe use. The research is characterized as qualitative and descriptive, developed through a narrative literature review, involving the analysis of scientific articles, books, academic papers, and technical documents related to the chemical composition of cleaning products, risks to human health, exposure routes, and prevention strategies. Initially, 90 studies were identified, of which 60 were selected for analysis, and subsequently, 35 were considered the most relevant for the final discussion. The results showed that cleaning products, although important for maintaining environmental hygiene, may pose health risks when used improperly, particularly in cases of inadequate storage, direct contact, excessive use, and mixing of incompatible products. The literature analyzed also demonstrated greater vulnerability among children, especially those aged 1 to 4 years, due to characteristics of child development and exposure conditions in the domestic environment. An increase in reports of poisoning involving cleaning products was also observed during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, temporally associated with the intensification of cleaning and disinfection practices. It is concluded that the prevention of poisoning depends on the integration of information, health education, sanitary regulation, and the adoption of safe practices, such as reading product labels, keeping products in their original containers, storing them out of the reach of children, using them properly, and avoiding the mixing of cleaning products without explicit instructions from the manufacturer.