A inteligência artificial como aliada da segurança pública: aplicação, riscos e desafios de governança

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly been applied in public security, particularly in facial recognition systems, intelligent video surveillance, and criminal data analysis. Although these technologies provide benefits related to operational efficiency, information processing, and decision-making support, they also raise concerns regarding privacy, algorithmic bias, and system transparency. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the applications, benefits, risks, and challenges associated with the use of Artificial Intelligence in public security. To achieve this objective, an exploratory and descriptive literature review was conducted using the IEEE Xplore, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Initially, 646 records were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were selected for full-text reading, of which 9 showed direct adherence to the research objective and composed the final sample. The findings indicate that facial recognition, intelligent video surveillance, and criminal analysis techniques are among the most frequently discussed applications, while also highlighting concerns related to privacy, false positives, algorithmic bias, and the need for governance, auditing, and human oversight mechanisms. It is concluded that Artificial Intelligence has the potential to contribute to the modernization of public security, provided that its implementation is accompanied by transparency, accountability, and the protection of fundamental rights.