Estudo de caso: recuperação ambiental de área degradada pelo garimpo de opala na Mina do Boi Morto, Pedro II, Piauí

Abstract

The rehabilitation of areas degraded by opal mining at the Boi Morto Mine, located in the municipality of Pedro II, Piauí, is a matter of significant environmental and social concern. This study investigated the environmental impacts caused by mining activities and proposed strategies for the area’s restoration. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a literature review and field research to collect and systematize data on the environmental conditions of the site. The initial phase involved a comprehensive literature review to support the analysis of environmental impacts and to guide the development of a checklist used for field data collection. Field research comprised visits to the Boi Morto Mine, during which data were gathered through direct observation and systematic recording of environmental conditions. The findings revealed several significant environmental problems. Abandoned mining areas were observed without the implementation of remediation measures, along with the unregulated accumulation of waste materials from mining activities, leading to widespread soil degradation and reduced natural regeneration capacity. Additionally, water resources near the mining area showed signs of contamination, exacerbated by the exposure of waste to weathering processes. Based on the results, specific actions were proposed to rehabilitate the degraded area. Recommended measures included revegetation using native plant species to restore vegetation cover, proper waste management to prevent further contamination, and educational initiatives to raise awareness among miners and the local community about sustainable practices. The study also emphasized the importance of monitoring and the development of public policies to encourage the environmental recovery of areas impacted by mining activities. In conclusion, although significant environmental impacts were identified, the study demonstrates that effective recovery is achievable through integrated strategies that address technical, social, and economic aspects. Collaboration among stakeholders, including public authorities, miners, and the local community, is essential to ensure the region's sustainability, fostering a balance between economic exploitation and environmental preservation.