Geoprocessamento aplicado à análise espacial dos homicídios de jovens por arma de fogo em Teresina, Piauí, de 2021 a 2023

Abstract

The problem of violence in Brazilian society is profound, and is largely influenced by poverty and social and spatial marginalization. One of the main effects of this reality is the increase in crime as a means of obtaining financial resources. Despite public security actions, the complexity of the problem demands long-term solutions, especially in education. Brazil has the ninth highest homicide rate in the world, with rates significantly higher than the global average. This study focuses on identifying and analyzing the regions in Teresina with the highest rates of youth homicides by firearms in 2021, 2022, and 2023, as heat maps, to identify criminal patterns and support strategic public security actions. The results indicate that young people aged 15 to 29 are the main victims and that the incidence of homicides is strongly correlated with socioeconomic factors and concentration in specific areas of the city called favelas and urban communities, revealing a relevant spatial pattern for preventive actions. Furthermore, a change in the spatial distribution of crimes was observed throughout the period studied, reflecting possible impacts of the public policies implemented. The study reinforces the importance of using geotechnologies in public security management, contributing to more effective interventions in reducing violence.