Desenvolvimento e Implementação de Aparatos de Baixo Custo no Ensino Médio: : uma proposta de metodologia alternativa para a compreensão do ensino de física

Abstract

This work analyzes the pedagogical benefits of using low-cost experimental equipment in teaching Physics in high school, focusing on overcoming the structural and didactic limitations present, especially in public schools. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic and documentary review, and its main objective is to propose alternatives that make teaching more accessible, contextualized and meaningful for students. Based on theoretical studies and experiences observed during academic training, it was found that Physics is still seen as a difficult subject to understand, due to its traditionally theoretical approach and the lack of experimental practices. In this scenario, the elaboration of a catalog of experiments with simple and reusable materials emerges as a viable strategy to bring theory and practice closer together, stimulate scientific curiosity and favor student protagonism. The project resulted in the creation of an illustrated and educational catalog with experiments adapted to the high school curriculum. Each experiment presents an introduction, objectives, accessible materials, step-by-step assembly, analysis of results, and pedagogical suggestions. In addition, demonstration videos with QR codes were included to facilitate application by teachers, even those with little experience in experimental activities. The results indicate that the use of these devices can increase student engagement, facilitate the understanding of abstract concepts, and develop skills such as observation, hypothesis formulation, data analysis, and teamwork. The study proved to be especially effective for teaching contexts with budgetary constraints and limited infrastructure, promoting active, critical, and inclusive learning. In conclusion, it is reinforced that experimentation with low-cost materials represents a powerful and democratic pedagogical tool, capable of transforming teaching practice in Physics and enriching the teaching-learning process. It is recommended that the catalog be tested in real schools in the future and that training workshops be implemented to expand the scope and effectiveness of the project