Desafios e oportunidades da universalização do esgotamento sanitário de Teresina, Piauí: perspectivas para a agenda 2030

Abstract

The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda is an action plan designed to ensure that member countries achieve goals for the eradication of poverty, protection of the planet and peace for all by 2030. With a focus on sustainable and climate-resilient development, the Agenda was organized into 17 Sustainable Development Goals, of which Goal 6 (or SDG 6) stands out, which deals with drinking water and sanitation for all. Teresina, the capital of Piauí, has an insufficient sewage system, with services limited to urban infrastructure that adequately ensures basic living conditions, such as public health protection, decent housing, an ecologically balanced environment and an inclusive and socially fair urban space. The main objective of this research is to understand the challenges and opportunities for universal sanitation in the city of Teresina, according to the UN SDG 6 targets. To this end, this qualitative study is based on exploratory, bibliographic and documentary research, supported by the collection and analysis of georeferenced data through the use of QGIS software and the application of a questionnaire to experts with different backgrounds. The cartographic production was developed based on data from the 2022 IBGE census, according to the criteria of households connected to the sewage network. The results revealed that, given the goal established in the 2030 Agenda, in its SDG 6, the universalization of the sewage service in Teresina by the year 2030 is unfeasible. However, granting this service to the private sector is seen as an opportunity to leverage the sector in the city. It is concluded that the study contributes to the dissemination of information, as well as can support new research focused on the sewage sector and its relationship with the environment.