Análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos da gasolina tipo c comercializada em santo antônio de lisboa_pi em comparação com as especificações da anp

Abstract

The quality of automotive fuels is a decisive factor for vehicle performance, reduction of pollutant emissions, and protection of consumer assets and rights. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and compliance of type C gasoline commercialized at gas stations located in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Lisboa–PI, Brazil, by determining its physicochemical parameters and comparing the data with current specifications set by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). This is an applied, quantitative, and descriptive-experimental research in which samples of type C gasoline were collected from two local gas stations (Stations A and B). Laboratory analyses were carried out at the Chemistry Laboratory of IFPI – Campus Picos, encompassing visual aspect and color inspection (ASTM D4176), determination of specific gravity at 20 °C using a gravimetric method (ABNT NBR 7148 / ANP Resolution No. 988/2025), and measurement of anhydrous ethanol content (EAC) in triplicate via aqueous extraction (ABNT NBR 13992); sulfur content could not be determined due to instrumental infrastructure limitations. The results indicated that both samples showed visual compliance, presenting a characteristic yellowish color, clear aspect, and absence of free water or particulate matter. The specific gravity values were 731.2 kg/m³ (Station A) and 734.3 kg/m³ (Station B), exceeding the minimum normative threshold of 715 kg/m³. However, the average EAC contents obtained were 26.3% (Station A) and 23.0% (Station B), falling below the current standard specification of 30 ± 1% (v/v). It is concluded that while the samples fully meet the criteria for aspect and specific gravity, there are indications of non-compliance regarding ethanol content, underscoring the critical need for continuous fuel quality monitoring and regulatory enforcement at the regional level to protect consumers and prevent irregularities in the sector.